1. Introduction

Agriculture has long been the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Employing a large share of the population, the sector contributes significantly to GDP and is vital for food security, exports, and rural development. Despite its importance, agriculture faces structural and environmental challenges that require modernization and policy support.

2. Role in Pakistan’s Economy

• Contributes around 18-20% of GDP.
• Employs nearly 40% of the workforce, primarily in rural areas.
• Supports industries such as textiles, food processing, and dairy.
• Provides a major source of exports, including rice, cotton, fruits, and vegetables.

3. Major Crops & Livestock

Pakistan is home to diverse agro-climatic zones, allowing cultivation of multiple crops and livestock production:

• Major crops: Wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize.
• Cash crops: Cotton and tobacco, vital for industry and trade.
• Horticulture: Mangoes, citrus fruits, dates, and vegetables.
• Livestock: Cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, providing milk, meat, and leather.

4. Challenges Facing the Sector

• Water scarcity: Overdependence on irrigation and declining water availability.
• Outdated farming techniques: Limited adoption of modern technologies.
• Climate change: Floods, droughts, and rising temperatures impact yields.
• Poor infrastructure: Inadequate storage, transport, and processing facilities.
• Low productivity: Compared to global averages, yields remain below potential.

5. Government Policies & Initiatives

The government has launched several programs to boost agriculture:

• Subsidies on fertilizers, seeds, and machinery.
• Initiatives for water management and drip irrigation.
• Agriculture credit schemes for small farmers.
• Support for mechanization and digital agriculture platforms.

6. Infographic — Agriculture in Pakistan

7. Conclusion

The agricultural sector is central to Pakistan’s economy and food security. While it provides livelihoods to millions, it faces challenges that hinder productivity and sustainability. With effective reforms, modernization, and climate-resilient strategies, agriculture can unlock new growth opportunities and strengthen Pakistan’s economic foundation.